Original Wavelength blog has a great article on colors and symbolism in Chinese culture here.
Given the American tendency to be oblivious, by and large, toward other cultural references, I'm not surprised that many WASPy types aren't aware of basic color symbolism of the Chinese. I grew up in an area where many of my friends were some flavor of Asian or other--Phillippino, Chinese, Japanese, Islander, etc.--so I knew that white is the color of mourning in China, red for celebration and luck. But I haven't made a big study of such things and didn't know much of what is mentioned in this article.
Probably most of us, rather humanity in general, is, in every culture everywhere, suffering from culturally-adapted blindness where we tend to see and interpret things based on our cultural set points. It takes active self-examination of one's assumptions to weed out what you know from what you interpreted. And, as frequently happens, even when you ask for an explanation you don't quite get it right. Our cultural assumptions are based on "how things are supposed to work" which is absorbed along with mother's milk in our infancy and early years. things like what is right and what is wrong, or cultural roles, the understood meanings of facial expressions and gestures, and etc..
In terms of creating a story milieu, you need to make your world seem different, yet you likely need some kind of starting point. (In certain respects, we generally, 99"% of the time, only write what we know, even when we are making stuff up!) What this means is that most readers will recognize the culture you use as the starting point, be it Asian, Western or whatever--and, if you aren't careful, readers may blame you for any perceived flaws, especially if the culture is of a different primary religion or ethnicity than the author. It may be your birth culture, or one that you think suits the story's intended shape and feel.
If the latter is the case, and, say, you decided that Imperial China is where you want to start, and you aren't familiar with it... Well, you need to consider their cultural assumptions and things like the implied/understood symbolism of color, and cultural issues. If you get it wrong in the sense that your base assumptions make a bunch of readers think you are stupid, or some controversy is raised, it might shoot you in the foot, though. (An example being Jar-Jar Binks of Star Wars movie fame. A big outroar about LucasArts 'portraying a 'minority' as stupid--even though the character was a fictional alien.')
Despite the care you might want to take, however, using an existing culture as a starting point for a story world can be really useful.
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